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# WordPress Testumgebung mit Docker
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**Datum:** 22. Juni 2026
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**Zielumgebung:** Ubuntu Server, Docker, Portainer
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**Produktionssystem:** WordPress 7.0, PHP 8.1, Apache, Ubuntu 22.04, MariaDB 10.6
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**Testsystem:** Docker Compose, MariaDB 10.6, WordPress 7.0 FPM-Alpine, Nginx, phpMyAdmin, WP-CLI
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---
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## 1. Vorbereitung: Produktionssystem sichern
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### 1.1 WP-CLI auf Produktionsserver installieren
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```bash
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curl -O https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wp-cli/builds/gh-pages/phar/wp-cli.phar
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chmod +x wp-cli.phar
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sudo mv wp-cli.phar /usr/local/bin/wp
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wp --info
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```
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### 1.2 Datenbank exportieren
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```bash
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sudo -u www-data wp --path=/var/www/html db export /tmp/muckibackup.sql
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```
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### 1.3 wp-content sichern
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```bash
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tar czf /tmp/wp-content.tar.gz -C /var/www/html wp-content
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```
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### 1.4 Dateien auf den Docker-Host übertragen
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```bash
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scp user@prod-server:/tmp/muckibackup.sql ~/muckibackup/
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scp user@prod-server:/tmp/wp-content.tar.gz ~/muckibackup/
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```
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---
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## 2. Verzeichnisstruktur anlegen
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```bash
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mkdir -p ~/muckibackup/wp-content
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cd ~/muckibackup
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# wp-content entpacken
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tar xzf wp-content.tar.gz -C ./wp-content --strip-components=1
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# Berechtigungen setzen (UID 82 = www-data in Alpine)
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sudo chown -R 82:82 ./wp-content
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```
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Tabellenprefix aus dem Dump prüfen:
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```bash
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grep -m1 "CREATE TABLE" ~/muckibackup/muckibackup.sql
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```
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---
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## 3. Konfigurationsdateien erstellen
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### 3.1 `.env`
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```env
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MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=sicheresRootPW
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MYSQL_DATABASE=wordpress
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MYSQL_USER=wp_user
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MYSQL_PASSWORD=sicheresUserPW
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WP_TABLE_PREFIX=wp_
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WP_PORT=8088
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PMA_PORT=8181
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```
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### 3.2 `docker-compose.yml`
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```yaml
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services:
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db:
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image: mariadb:10.6
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restart: unless-stopped
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environment:
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MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: ${MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD}
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MYSQL_DATABASE: ${MYSQL_DATABASE}
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MYSQL_USER: ${MYSQL_USER}
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MYSQL_PASSWORD: ${MYSQL_PASSWORD}
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volumes:
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- wp_db_data:/var/lib/mysql
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networks:
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- wp_internal
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healthcheck:
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test: ["CMD", "healthcheck.sh", "--connect", "--innodb_initialized"]
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interval: 10s
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timeout: 5s
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retries: 5
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wordpress:
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image: wordpress:7.0-php8.5-fpm-alpine
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restart: unless-stopped
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depends_on:
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db:
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condition: service_healthy
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environment:
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WORDPRESS_DB_HOST: db:3306
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WORDPRESS_DB_NAME: ${MYSQL_DATABASE}
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WORDPRESS_DB_USER: ${MYSQL_USER}
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WORDPRESS_DB_PASSWORD: ${MYSQL_PASSWORD}
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WORDPRESS_TABLE_PREFIX: ${WP_TABLE_PREFIX}
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volumes:
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- wp_core:/var/www/html
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- /home/hans/muckibackup/wp-content:/var/www/html/wp-content
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networks:
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- wp_internal
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nginx:
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image: nginx:1.27-alpine
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restart: unless-stopped
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depends_on:
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- wordpress
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ports:
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- "${WP_PORT}:80"
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volumes:
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- wp_core:/var/www/html:ro
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- /home/hans/muckibackup/wp-content:/var/www/html/wp-content:ro
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- /home/hans/muckibackup/nginx.conf:/etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf:ro
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networks:
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- wp_internal
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phpmyadmin:
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image: phpmyadmin:5.2-apache
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restart: unless-stopped
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depends_on:
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- db
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ports:
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- "${PMA_PORT}:80"
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environment:
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PMA_HOST: db
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PMA_USER: ${MYSQL_USER}
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PMA_PASSWORD: ${MYSQL_PASSWORD}
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UPLOAD_LIMIT: 512M
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networks:
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- wp_internal
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wpcli:
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image: wordpress:cli-php8.3
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restart: "no"
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depends_on:
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db:
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condition: service_healthy
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environment:
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WORDPRESS_DB_HOST: db:3306
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WORDPRESS_DB_NAME: ${MYSQL_DATABASE}
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WORDPRESS_DB_USER: ${MYSQL_USER}
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WORDPRESS_DB_PASSWORD: ${MYSQL_PASSWORD}
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volumes:
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- wp_core:/var/www/html
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- /home/hans/muckibackup/wp-content:/var/www/html/wp-content
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networks:
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- wp_internal
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entrypoint: ["wp", "--allow-root"]
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volumes:
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wp_db_data:
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driver: local
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wp_core:
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driver: local
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networks:
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wp_internal:
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driver: bridge
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```
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### 3.3 `nginx.conf`
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```nginx
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server {
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listen 80;
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root /var/www/html;
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index index.php;
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client_max_body_size 64M;
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location / {
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try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?$args;
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}
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location ~ \.php$ {
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fastcgi_pass wordpress:9000;
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fastcgi_index index.php;
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include fastcgi_params;
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fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
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fastcgi_read_timeout 300;
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}
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location ~ /\.ht {
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deny all;
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}
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}
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```
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---
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## 4. Stack in Portainer deployen
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1. Portainer öffnen → **Stacks → Add Stack**
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2. Name: `wordpress-test`
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3. Build method: **Upload** → `docker-compose.yml` hochladen
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4. Unter **Environment variables**: Inhalt der `.env` eintragen
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5. **Deploy the stack**
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Warten bis alle Container den Status **running** zeigen.
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---
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## 5. Datenbank importieren
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### Option A: Via phpMyAdmin (empfohlen bis 512 MB)
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1. Browser: `http://SERVERIP:8181`
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2. Links: Datenbank **wordpress** anklicken
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3. Reiter **Importieren** → Datei `muckibackup.sql` auswählen
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4. **OK**
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### Option B: Via CLI
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```bash
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docker exec -i wordpress-test_db_1 \
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mysql -u wp_user -psicheresUserPW wordpress \
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< ~/muckibackup/muckibackup.sql
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```
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---
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## 6. Produktions-URL anpassen
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Aktuelle URL aus der DB ermitteln (phpMyAdmin → wordpress → SQL-Reiter):
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```sql
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SELECT option_name, option_value
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FROM wp_options
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WHERE option_name IN ('siteurl', 'home');
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```
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URL ersetzen — im WordPress-Container (Portainer → wordpress-Container → Console):
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```bash
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curl -O https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wp-cli/builds/gh-pages/phar/wp-cli.phar
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php wp-cli.phar search-replace \
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'http://www.gh-muschitz.at' \
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'http://SERVERIP:8088' \
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--skip-columns=guid --allow-root --path=/var/www/html
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```
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---
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## 7. Funktionstest
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```bash
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# HTTP-Status prüfen
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curl -sI http://SERVERIP:8088 | head -3
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# Uploads erreichbar?
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curl -sI http://SERVERIP:8088/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/beispiel.jpg | head -3
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# Logs beobachten
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docker logs wordpress-test_wordpress_1 --tail=20
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docker logs wordpress-test_nginx_1 --tail=20
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```
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- Testsystem: `http://SERVERIP:8088`
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- phpMyAdmin: `http://SERVERIP:8181`
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---
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## 8. Theme-Dateien anpassen und deployen
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### 8.1 Theme-Verzeichnis ermitteln
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```bash
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ssh user@prod-server "ls /var/www/html/wp-content/themes/"
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```
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### 8.2 Datei lokal bearbeiten
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Theme-Dateien liegen im Testsystem unter:
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```
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/home/hans/muckibackup/wp-content/themes/THEME-NAME/
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```
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### 8.3 Geänderte Datei auf Produktion übertragen
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```bash
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# Backup der Originaldatei
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ssh user@prod-server \
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"cp /var/www/html/wp-content/themes/THEME-NAME/header.php \
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/var/www/html/wp-content/themes/THEME-NAME/header.php.bak"
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# Neue Datei übertragen
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scp header.php user@prod-server:/var/www/html/wp-content/themes/THEME-NAME/header.php
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# Berechtigungen prüfen
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ssh user@prod-server \
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"chown www-data:www-data /var/www/html/wp-content/themes/THEME-NAME/header.php"
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```
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### 8.4 Bilder/Assets auf Produktion übertragen
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```bash
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scp burgenlandlogo.png user@prod-server:/var/www/html/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/
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ssh user@prod-server \
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"chown www-data:www-data /var/www/html/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/burgenlandlogo.png"
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```
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---
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## 9. Stack verwalten
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```bash
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# Stack stoppen
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docker compose -f ~/muckibackup/docker-compose.yml down
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# Stack neu starten
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docker compose -f ~/muckibackup/docker-compose.yml up -d
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# Alles löschen inkl. DB-Volumes (für Neustart von Null)
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docker compose -f ~/muckibackup/docker-compose.yml down -v
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```
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---
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## Hinweise
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> **Pi-hole Konflikt:** Pi-hole belegt Port 80 auf allen Interfaces. Nginx immer auf einem anderen Port betreiben (z.B. 8088).
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> **UID/GID:** Das `fpm-alpine` Image verwendet UID 82 für www-data. Bind-Mounts mit `sudo chown -R 82:82` setzen.
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> **Nginx muss wp-content mounten:** Nginx benötigt denselben `wp-content` Bind-Mount wie WordPress — sonst werden statische Dateien (Bilder, CSS, JS) nicht gefunden und PHP gibt 404 zurück.
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> **URL nach jedem DB-Import anpassen:** Nach erneutem Import muss `search-replace` wiederholt werden.
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> **WP-CLI auf Produktion:** Immer als `sudo -u www-data wp --path=/var/www/html` ausführen, nicht als root — sonst wechseln Dateibesitzer auf root.
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